Sources:  After the war, the Social Democrats took over city hall in 1919 and immediately started redirecting funds into housing projects. A new influential paradigm dictated that a city should be divided up into specific zones, one for industry, one for living, one for commerce, etc. The Metzleinstalerhof in the 5th district, which opened in 1925, was the first real social housing building in Vienna; it comprised 244 apartments and laid the foundation stone for the later monumental "Volkswohnungspaläste" (public housing palaces). The Sixties were to become Vienna’s most active decade in terms of construction: “prefabricated” elements could now be assembled together on site into a multi-storied apartment complex, making construction especially cheap. Whereas a worker had had to invest at least 20% of his salary into his rent in the pre-war period, the rent in an apartment within a newly-built estate in 1925 was fixed at a low level and made up only around 4% of a worker’s income (without heating) – hard to imagine nowadays. In the 1920s, the city of Vienna began to build social housing for the countless workers who came to Vienna from elsewhere in the Empire. This resulted in the construction of 61,000 new apartments in 348 public housing buildings between 1918 and 1934. Built on an old industrial site spanning about 7 hectares, the Kabelwerk social housing project has a total of 1,004 housing units spread across various housing types including subsidized rental housing, subsidized owner-occupied homes, apartments for refugees, and student housing. 80 percent of people unable to vote are living in Vienna for over five years. Construction is mostly handled by non-profit or limited-profit associations that are chosen through a competition in the planning phase and subsequently subsidized by the magistrate. We’d love to hear about it – be sure to share on our Facebook page! The first, called Complex, analysis the work and the personality of a fictional architecture studio, a collective without a name, identified only by the typographic symbol “_”, so that any made up name can be inserted into the text. Open In Google Maps. A fifth of Vienna’s new housing built during the Red Vienna years was social housing for the poor and disabled. The history of cities, regions and countries within the European Union evolved quite differently. Generally speaking, the construction sector enjoyed a veritable boom in Vienna during the second half of the 19th century. The origins of modern municipal housing lie in the dramatic urban population increase caused by the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century. This workshop provided a forum for ... A. In a recent study on the “neo-liberal restructuring of urban housing markets” that compared Vienna to Amsterdam and New York, author Justin Kadi remarked that while the Dutch and Austrian safety nets were better equipped than the American system to provide housing for low-income households, in Vienna especially “newcomers” to the system have recently had more and more problems finding accommodations. Examples of social housing for the improvement of living conditions 6. We will use the information you provide to us to contact you about our relevant content and services in the form of a newsletter. Making the most out of Vienna and life. Social housing had existed sporadically prior to modern developments. A story of success. In Vienna 62% of its citizens reside in public housing, standing in stark contrast with less than 1% living in US social housing.The Austrian capital boasts regulated rents and strongly protects tenant's rights, while US public housing functions as a last resort for low-income individuals. The most famous undertaking of this period is probably the “Werkbundsiedlung” in Hietzing, a settlement consisting of seventy one-family dwellings which was opened to the public in 1932 as a sort of open-air museum that was supposed to show the future of housing. Against the background of the Vienna IBA "New Social Housing", it is therefore worthwhile to take a look back at the history of those building exhibitions that have dealt with the issue of housing in the narrower and broader sense. Sandra Jurasszovich, Location of Social Housing: Analysing spatial patterns of social housing schemes in Vienna and Copenhagen. Vienna’s housing model represents a successful integration of design, ecology, economy and social sustainability. Major architects, past and present, have been involved in the design of this social housing, built to encourage interaction among social classes, and promote innovation and high-quality design. In recent decades, housing construction has diversified a lot; projects inspired by super blocks, garden cities, terrace housing and high-rise architecture and more are part of recent building programs. The first target issued by the government in September 1923 was to build 25.000 apartments within five years; having met that goal ahead of time, a new plan of action regarding the construction of 30.000 apartments was released in 1927. Vienna’s social housing mission can be traced back to struggles over the extremely limited stock of rental housing available in the 19 th century. Experts have warned, however, that these measures are not quite efficient anymore. Mostly that there’s still a very strong presence of municipally-owned residential buildings. It's often built on government-owned land that's sold to a private company, which then owns and operates the housing … London 2008. These programs have been highly successful. For the majority of them, living conditions were quite simply horrible. Against the backdrop of severe food and housing shortages produced by both the military defeat and the collapse of the monarchy, the Social Democrats won a significant electoral victory in the municipal elections of May 1919, making Vienna the first major European capital to be governed by an absolute majority of socialists. As a consequence, Vienna’s urban planners tried to reintegrate council estates into the city in the 1970s and 1980s. Vienna 1999. 1 These city-owned housing units, called social housing, are meant primarily for lower-income residents. Vienna’s then Christian Social government was generally not interested in developing any kind of regulatory influence in the housing market. Where does the city stand today in comparison? This website uses cookies to improve your experience. History of social housing in Western Europe The following review refers especially to Central and Northern Europe. At the end of the First World War, living conditions in Vienna were dire, with many people struggling to feed themselves and the poorest residents crowded into sub-standard housing. Between 1924 and 1933, the municipal government built 61,175 apartments in 42 housing developments, which were distributed throughout the city to encourage interaction among social classes, and were remarkable for their combination of social innovations and high-quality design. In 1919 general suffrage produced a Social Democratic majority in the city council. symbolises the long history of social housing in Vienna. You can revoke this consent at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the newsletter. For more information, check out our Privacy Policy. The “Vienna Model” for providing subsidized housing is unquestionably one of the singular achievements of Austrian social policy and architectural production. The party introduced numerous reforms in housing, education, public welfare, and health care. Many among those were born in Vienna. Wolfgang Förster, 80 Years of Social Housing in Vienna. With the financial crisis post-1929, the city had already started to run into financial problems. You agree that your personal data (as described in the Data Privacy) will be processed to send newsletters. If you laid … Annually, Vienna spends about 600 million euros ($682 million) on social housing. "In organising IBA_Vienna, the International Building Exhibition 2022, the City of Vienna is focusing on the innovative and further development of social housing. More importantly, it’s still being quoted all over the world (seriously, do a Google search), especially so in academic studies about the Viennese housing market. In comparison, Germany — with a population over 45 times Vienna's — … More info. Most famous among all these new projects were without a doubt the big housing complexes like the still-renowned Karl-Marx-Hof or the more Garden-city-oriented George-Washington-Hof. However, it was not spared collapse in some areas, in the wake of the severe economic crisis at the time of the 1873 World Exposition in Vienna. Forty-four years later, Sacher's son, Eduard, opened the hotel in Vienna's first district. The fascist takeover of 1933/34 then ended its independent status within Austria and thus the era of “Red Vienna”. This created a push for a massive housing boom during what is known as the “Red Vienna” period. This documentary monitors the development of Sonnwendviertel Ost, a brand new neighbourhood. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeindebau. For in-depth historical research on the interwar period: Hans Hautmann/Rudolf Hautmann, Die Gemeindebauten des Roten Wien 1919–1934. During the nineteenth century, things got quite crowded around here – Vienna, capital of a multi-national empire, fourth-biggest city in Europe and prime target for working class immigrants from the eastern parts of the Habsburg realms, grew to hold a population of around two million people. Spain’s Architecturally Adventurous Housing Projects. It states the name of the building and/or when the building was built. It supported some funds and brain trusts that started popping up around 1900 with the goal of remedying the housing crisis, and together with the nascent non-profit building corporations increased the construction of apartments until 1918. social housing will considerably increase supply for every-one on lower incomes, even in the future. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Today, the architectural image of Vienna is impossible to imagine without these buildings, some of which are truly gigantic. But the more imminent threat to the city’s housing standards is growth. The model of social housing first developed in Vienna as a response to the severe housing crisis that followed WW1 has evolved into a highly successful model of social housing that makes Vienna one of the world’s more affordable cities. Many thousands of people reside in Alt-Erlaa, and it is seen as one of Vienna’s most successful social housing estates. After a trip to Vienna for a Passivhaus conference I wrote about the remarkable housing there, and how much of it is actually social housing owned by the city. Required fields are marked *, The knowledge and know-how hub for sharing (in) the city. Therefor – among other things - the housing situation differs a lot and we face a broad variety of housing conditions, political traditions and housing systems. Between 1923 and 1934, the city's social-democratic municipal governments built more than 60,000 housing units, making Vienna a showcase for the latest innovations in public housing. From 1923 onwards, the magistrate shifted its focus towards the construction of large-scale public housing projects. Vienna, city and federal state, the capital of Austria. Here are 15 interesting facts about Vienna’s social housing that might perk your ears up a bit: If you laid them all flat, you could fit nearly 433 Schönbrunn Palaces inside. The idea was to avoid ghettoisation and separation of lower and higher income earners, and to encourage a city in which a lawyer lives next door to a Würstelstand owner (to give you a rather random example, but you get the idea). The Vienna Housing Fund wohnfonds_wien plays a central role in the social housing policy, as do the non-profit de-velopers too. And that is no coincidence, because not only is it impressive from an architectural point of view; it also symbolises the long history of social housing in Vienna. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. > Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt 1901 - Document of … The demand for housing couldn’t be satisfied by this, however, especially when World War I brought a whole new wave of immigrants into the city. through erecting garden settlements in Vienna’s border regions, Justin Kadi, The Neo-Liberal Restructuring of Urban Housing Markets and the Housing Conditions of Low-Income Households: An International Comparison. A review of policies and outcomes. Vienna needs 130,000 new residential units by 2025, and stretched public resources could force compromises in … 2. Today nearly 1,7 million inhabitants live in Vienna. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. It’s history time! For almost a century now, this singular housing policy has been helping to shape our city. Channel 4 Documentary 40,293 views The fact that Vienna is different in this respect is the consequence of a period in the early twentieth century when Vienna became different. Sozialdemokratische Architektur und Kommunalpolitik 1919-34. This is particularly visible when it comes to the different housing options available with the exemplary Viennese model of scoial housing. The city government itself has gradually removed itself as a builder, though. Which Vienna Christmas light are you? Social housing and land-use planning: Italy, Switzerland and Austria 3. Financing social housing: Austria, England and the Netherlands 4. More than 20 percent of Vienna’s apartments had been damaged or destroyed in the war, and it took around 15 years to remedy that – mostly through the construction of small, cheap apartments within small blocks that had no decoration on the outside whatsoever and were nicknamed “Emmentaler architecture” by the Viennese. Social housing in Vienna is aimed at the middle class to provide the best possible social mix. The average size of apartments in these estates had also increased to 80m² by then. Aside from admiration there were also various critics of the concepts who regarded the apartments as clearly too small and the “super blocks” as being too densely built. Vienna’s housing projects raised a lot of international eyebrows, and as a consequence an “International Housing and Town Planning Congress” was held in the city in 1926. At the time, immigrants from throughout the Hapsburg empire [xiii] descended upon Vienna in search of industrial jobs and a better standard of living. The progressive social housing of the “Red Vienna” period in the early-20th century is well-known worldwide. The roots of these extraordinarily innovative urban planning activities lie in the interwar “Red Vienna” period, when thousands of municipal dwellings were built. As a result, unrest among the population and demands for government action grew. This slogan, originally coined by an Austrian writer, was taken over in the 1990s by the city’s own tourism board for an ad campaign. Lindstrom highlighted some examples of social housing projects in Vienna including the Kabelwerk and the Wohnpark Neue Donau housing projects. These were intended not only to function as impressive monuments to proletarians, but the communal facilities within them, like kindergartens and laundry rooms, were supposed to help accelerate the “liberation of housewives”. For me, Vienna is an amazing place full of history, impressive architecture and culture that is open to everyone. Initially, this included support for the so-called “Settlers’ Movement”, which had its heyday during this time and created new living spaces through squatting in apartments left vacant by the war and especially through erecting garden settlements in Vienna’s border regions. To help you climb out of that hole, here are some tips on what to do this weekend, including a few... Sign up to our newsletter & have the hottest stuff of the city sent straight to your inbox. Your answers to these questions will reveal which Vienna Christmas lights your are, 8 films you should absolutely not miss at the This Human World Human Rights film festival in 2020, 14 things that you should do to make the most out of Vienna lockdown 2.0 this weekend. These socialist policies earned the capital the nickname “Red Vienna,” and it became recognized internationally as a forerunner of the modern welfare state. Architectural Landmark. In 1919, the federal parliament passed the Housing Requirement Act („Wohnanforderungsgesetz”) to enhance the efficiency of existing housing structures. The Viennese Model of Social Housing. When the National Socialists took over in 1938, they re-introduced the focus on large-scale undertakings, wanting to outdo the Social Democrats, but in reality only ever built around 3.000 apartments. Social housing in Vienna has been widespread since the 1920s when the post-war municipality, led by the Social Democrats, began building high-density estates all over the city ― typically six- to eight-story apartment blocks with communal green spaces. Backed by an absolute majority, the ruling social democrats ran the city (and have continually supplied Vienna’s mayor and a majority on the municipal council ever since 1945). The fancy chandeliers on the Graben You know what you want, and you know how... Every film on this list will move you, enlighten you and see the world differently. Class to provide the best possible social mix of social housing of the province Vienna. Sonnwendviertel Ost, a brand new neighbourhood the interwar period: Hans Hautmann... 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