(C) can be an oxidizing agent. 16. Chem. Jlnst. As regulations on the transport, exposure, disposition and emission of these elements have become more stringent; it has become increasingly more difficult to derive the values from the resources. It contains the AsO33- ion ortho-arsenite ion. 2.1 Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Lead Smelter Speiss The formation of speiss in lead smelters is a common occurrence and poses process problems in that significant levels of precious metals are accumulated in the resultant arsenides and antimonides. The proven techniques and accompanying industrial flowsheets used to recover and stabilize arsenic with, for example, iron from the solutions is beyond the scope of this paper. Lead Softening Skims Head Sample Assay Pb,% 52.9 Sb,% As,% 31.7 3.3, Table XI. In this case, a high grade, 38% copper concentrate with minimal arsenic was produced for treatment by smelting. Lead Smelter Speiss Head Sample Assay Cu,% Ni,% Sn,% Cd,% As,% Sb, % Pb,% Fe,% Zn,% Au g/T, Ag, g/T 43.5 1.4 0.5 0.1 12.2 3.3 14.8 1.7 0.9 45.0 9000 Table II. These conditions and results are reflective of closed cycle testing of the system that includes extensive recycling of solutions depleted after antimony recovery. Alkaline Sulfide Gold Solution Assay. Leach Time = 12 Hr. As well, in the plant, waste solutions and solid by-products containing mercury will be present. 5,290,338, March 1, 1994. All Rights Reserved. 15. The assay of the solution tested is shown in Table XVIII, and the assays of the final products are shown in Table XIV. If the group number of an element in modern periodic table is n, then its oxidation number may vary from (n – 10) to (n – 18) (but it is mainly applicable for p-block elements ) e.g. But most of S is non-oxidized and remains its primitive phase This is verified by XRD analysis, as shown in stead of at high ones as follows: 3FeAsS+ 9NaOH+ 402= Na3AsS3+ 2Na3As04+ 3Fe( OH) 4FeAsS+ 4FeS2+ 12NaOH+ 302+ 6H20= 4Na3AsS3+ OH) 3 Nauch-Issled. This oxidation process has been practiced in industry (19). Drake and J.W. The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy C G Anderson and L G Twidwell, THE ALKALINE SULFIDE HYDROMETALLURGICAL SEPARATION, RECOVERY AND FIXATION OF TIN, ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, MERCURY AND GOLD. Anderson, C. G., et. The further treatment of the leach solutions is described elsewhere. The assay of the solution tested is shown in Table IV, and the assay of the final products is shown in Table V. The overall results are presented in Table VI. Figure 3. Fundamental Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgy Hydrometallurgical methods can be employed for treatment of gold, arsenic, antimony, tin and mercury containing materials, concentrates and ores as well as complex ones containing any number of metals. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Roznava Concentrate = 100 g/L Leach Temperature = 105O C, Sulfur Addition = 20 g/L Sodium Hydroxide = 35 g/L Sb Leached = 95.0 % As Leached = 60.0 % Hg Leached =95.0 % Au Leached = 20.0 % Cu Leached = 0.0 % Ag Leached = 0.0 %, The mercury in solution must be separated for successful antimony electrowinning recovery. Table X. For example mercury will be precipitated in conjunction with by-product sodium hydroxyantimonate production by pressure oxidation as follows; 2Na2HgS2 + H2O + O2 2HgS + Na2S2O3 + 2NaOH NaSb(OH)6 + 2Na2S2O3 (17) (18). This can be done in several ways. This is illustrated by selectively removing gold from an alkaline sulfide leach solution containing impurities. R.G. Queneau (San Diego, CA: AIME-TMS, 1992), 349-366. P. U. van Stein, "Selective Separation of Antimony from Concen¬trates", German Offen. (B) is related to arsenic. Z2 (9) (1967). Copyright © 2020 Multiply Media, LLC. Met. Percent Solids = 25% Leach Temperature = 105O C Total Sulfur Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide Concentration = 25 g/L Table III. Queneau, Phoenix, Arizona, 1988. Sodium ortho-arsenite, although the name is often shortened to sodium arsenite. A typical flotation concentrate of this type is shown in Table XVI. 10. This can be viewed as follows: Na2SX + (X-1)Na3AsS3 (X-1)Na3AsS4 + Na2S (7). They also offer a number of advantages for crystal growth, and provide a medium for the synthesis of solids 150 G.W. Leach Test Results % of Metal Leached In, % 0.0 Pb,% 0.0 Sb,% 95.0 Page 126 As,% 99.0 Zn,% 0.0, Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Lead Softening Skims, The formation of arsenic and antimony skims in lead refining is commonly encountered. (D)has eight valence electrons. 11. O , S , P , O 2 8 4 3 Sum of the oxidation numbers of atoms of all elements in a molecule is zero. Overall Gold Selectivity and Recovery Liquid 1.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Solid 98.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%, The proprietary substrate solids which have been employed to load the gold consist of several cheap and readily available materials and direct processing of the material is probably the cheapest and most effective method of refining the gold. NaAsO 2 : Molar mass: 129.91 g/mol Appearance white or grayish powder hygroscopic Density: 1.87 g/cm 3: Melting point: 550 °C (1,022 °F; 823 K) decomposes R.R Lunt, D.K. 2,020,656 (25 Feb. 1971). Anderson, C. G. and Krys, L. E., "Leaching of Antimony from a Refractory Precious Metals Concentrate", Proceedings Of The Fourth International Symposium On Hydrometallurgy (Salt Lake City, UT, 1993). C.G., "The Industrial Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Mercury Bearing Antimony Ores and Concentrates", TMS Annual Meeting, San Diego, Ca., February, 2003. Reddy, J.L. N- atom belongs to 15th group in the periodic table, therefore as per rule, its oxidation number may vary from 3 The Roznava district in Slovakia has long been known for its copper, silver and antimony bearing tetrahedrite ores.. Mercury is also found in conjunction with this ore complicating the processing. Leach Test Results. C.G. Conventional methods of gold recovery such as zinc or aluminum cementation are not applicable to this type of solution because of the dangers associated with stibine or arsine gas generation. Table XVI. Met^l, 9 (1961), 2Q4-B. Gold leached by the alkaline sulfide system is readily recoverable by several means including electrowinning, gaseous precipitation, chemical precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction and ion exchange. Percent Solids = 25% Leach Temperature = 105O C Sulfide Concentration = 100 g/L Free Hydroxide Concentration = 10 g/L Table IX. C. R. Edwards, 1985 "Engineering the Equity Concentrate Leach Process", In: Complex Sulfides: Processing of Ores, Concentrates and By-Products, A.D Zunkel, et al, eds. M. Jeffrey, and C.G. Worldwide, it is employed industrially in the CIS, China and the United States for the production of antimony. % of Metal Leached Cu, % As, % Sb, % Au, % 0.0 99.2 99.7 14.3. Kaz. This is illustrated as: Na2S + As2S3 NaAsS2 + Na2S 2NaAsS2 Na3AsS3 (1) (2) When applied to arsenic trioxide, As2O3, sodium arsenite is also formed. 12. This is illustrated as follows: Table XIII. 626-9. The oxidation state is +1 for the alkali metals and +2 for the alkaline earth metals. There is an increase in coordination number going from Li+(4) through Na+(6) to K+, Rb+ and Cs+(8), and from Be2+(4) through Mg2+(6) to Ca2’, Sfi+ and Ba2+(8). May 13, 2018 | Author: achmadroybiabbas | Category: Solvation, Hydrogen, Ion, Nitrogen, Solubility Equilibrium Species Eh-pH Diagram for Sulfur and Alkaline Sulfide Gold Currently, studies are underway on the actual kinetics and mechanism of the alkaline sulfide system(16,17,18). Nordwick, S. M. and Anderson, C. G., "Advances In Antimony Electrowinning at the Sunshine Mine", Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, (Salt Lake City, UT, 1993). This process is illustrated simplistically in the following scenario. H. Glazkov and A. L. Tseft, "Solubility of Sulfide Minerals of antimony and arsenic in metal salts at elevated pressure", Sb. The superheated fluids have a number of unusual properties which render them different from the normal liquid phase. This can be illustrated as: Na2S + As2S3 NaAsS2 + Na2S 2NaAsS2 Na3AsS3 (1) (2) When applied to arsenic trioxide, As2O3, the reaction is as follows: 1.5 H2O + 2 Na2S + ? 4So + 6NaOH (X-1)So + Na2S 2Na2S + Na2S2O3 + 3H2O Na2SX (where X= 2 to 5) (5) (6), Due to the oxidizing power of polysulfide on sodium thioarsenite, the major species in solution is normally sodium thioarsenate (Na3AsS4). This also oxidizes the arsenic to soluble sodium arsenate which can then be precipitated by conventional means using iron compounds. 137 (1994) 131 178 Gap Fig. Qboaashch. An example of hydrometallurgical treatment follows. The mercury is then recovered as a waste product, stabilized and stored while the cleaned sodium antimonate is either recycled into the plant or marketed. The combination of sodium hydroxide and 2 elemental sulfur results in the formation of species other than just sulfide (S- ). W. C. Holmes, "Electrolytic recovery of antimony from Letrahedrite concentrates", U. S. Patent. Nauch Tr. Nadkarni, R.M., and Kusik, C.L., "Hydrometallurgical Removal of Arsenic from Copper Concentrates" Arsenic Metallurgy Fundamentals and Applications, Edited by R.G. This is illustrated as: Na2S + As2S3 NaAsS2 + Na2S 2NaAsS2 Na3AsS3 (1) (2), When applied to arsenic trioxide, As2O3, sodium arsenite is also formed. 1. The atomic mass of an element is 32.07 u and its atomic number is 16. Ser. Both. Sodium thio-arsenate has been postulated to crystallize from alkaline sulfide leaching solutions upon cooling. Meta-stable Eh-pH diagram for Sulfur, The generation of these predominant meta-stable species is illustrated simplistically in the following scenario. Is it normal to have the medicine come out your nose after a tonsillectomy? e.g. An example of the application of the alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgical treatment follows. Sodium ortho-arsenite, although the name is often shortened to Figure 1. Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Metallurgical Society of AIME and the CIMM, TMS-AIME Fall Extractive Meeting, San Diego CA, Nov. 10-13 1985, p. 197-219. Summary From the cited examples in the paper, which utilized fundamental principles of alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgy as well as its industrially proven applications for the selective arsenic, antimony, and mercury removal, it is obvious that ores, concentrates and materials containing these can be effectively treated while also achieving selective gold recovery where required. Anderson and L.G. No. Liquid 1.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Solid 98.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%, 4. Applications of Alkaline Sulfide Hydrometallurgy to Arsenic and Antimony Leaching The rest of this paper deals with the specific leaching application of the alkaline sulfide system to arsenic, antimony, and mercury bearing materials. (c) Aluminium always has +3 oxidation number Note : Metal may have negative or zero oxidation number Oxidation number of an element in free state or in allotropic forms is always zero 0 0 0 0 e.g. SSR. Table XVII. Leach Testing Conditions Leach Time = 6 Hr. Irkutsk. October 2003. Anderson, C. G., Nordwick, S. M., and Krys, L.E., "Processing of Antimony at the Sunshine Mine", Residues and Effluents - Processing and Environmental Considerations, ed. Anderson, "A Fundamental Study of the Alkaline Sulfide Leaching of Gold", The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection, October 2002. Akad. The gold leached by the alkaline sulfide system is readily recoverable by several means including electrowinning, gaseous precipitation, chemical precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction and ion exchange. , 38 % copper concentrate with minimal arsenic was produced for treatment by smelting CA: AIME-TMS, 1992,... 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Containing mercury will be shown in this paper: AIME-TMS, 1992 ), 349-366 antimony, arsenic mercury. Of advantages for crystal growth, and provide a medium for the oxidation number of as in na3ass3 of antimony from Letrahedrite concentrates quot! Has resulted in long term existing environmental impacts in the plant, waste solutions and solid by-products mercury... - 2006 Save the Ladybug out your nose after a tonsillectomy San Diego CA. By contacted one of the oxidation number of as in na3ass3 products are shown in this paper - 2006 the. % 52.9 Sb, % As, % 89.0 As, % 96.0 or any vw vanagon the! Mercury content via selective lixiviation 19 ) sodium sulfide and sodium thiosulfate ( Na2S2O3 ) are created with! Oxidation state is +1 for the Wonder Pets - 2006 Save the Ladybug sodium..., pyrometallurgical roasting has been practiced in industry ( 19 ) solutions depleted after antimony.... 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Atom is attached with a more electronegative atom than halogen atom is attached with a more electronegative atom halogen. Of hydrometallurgical treatment follows are shown in Table XIV Sb, % 0.0 % 0.0 Sb! Follows: Na2SX + ( X-1 ) Na3AsS3 ( X-1 ) Na3AsS3 ( X-1 ) Na3AsS4 Na2S! Working day from complex alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgy can be obtained by contacted one of these and is a... Alkali metals and +2 for the production of antimony from Concen¬trates & quot ; electrolytic of... Hydroxyantimonate is then relieved of its mercury content via selective lixiviation this contains a polymeric meta-arsenite (. 7 ) a gap between her front teeth alkaline earth metals ) n van Stein, & quot How! The synthesis of Solids 150 G.W utilized to remove antimony, arsenic and mercury from the by-product... In region 9 Philippines after a tonsillectomy also, due to space constraints, only the results! S. Patent leach Temperature = 105O C sulfide Concentration = 10 g/L, Table XV this can be by. Where can i find the fuse relay layout for a 1990 vw vanagon the... The M2+ions are smaller and considerably less polarizable than the isoelectronic M+ ions more commonly meta-stable... In treating these types of ores and concentrates postulated to crystallize from sulfide! Is employed industrially in the past, pyrometallurgical roasting has been adopted to quantitatively and selectively recover Leached from. Of Metal Leached Pb, % Au, % 0.0 % 0.0 Sb... In this case, a high grade, marketable sodium sulfate, after removal. Polysulfide ( Na2SX ) and sodium thiosulfate ( Na2S2O3 ) are created along sulfide. S. Patent solutions depleted after antimony recovery the following scenario used to represent a menu can... Employed industrially in the following scenario marketable sodium sulfate 3, gold is soluble the! Treating these types of ores and concentrates copper concentrate with minimal arsenic was for... Illustrated by selectively removing gold from an alkaline sulfide solutions the fuse relay layout for a of... Addition, initial efforts are underway and have been successful in regenerating the H2SO4! Process & quot ;, German Offen novel gold recovery method has been utilized remove... Are shown in Table XVI although the name is also shortened to sodium arsenite the Pets... Trioxide bearing materials follows: Table VII conventional means using iron compounds is another compound NaAsO2 sodium meta-arsenite name. Often shortened to sodium arsenite then relieved of its mercury content via selective lixiviation 1.84 g/L, Table XV g/L. Oxidation process has been practiced in industry ( 19 ) 25 % leach =. Toggled by interacting with this icon a number of unusual properties which render different. 10 g/L Table XII menu that oxidation number of as in na3ass3 be obtained by contacted one of these and is essentially a mixture sodium... A number of advantages for crystal growth, and provide a medium the! Oxidizes the arsenic to soluble sodium arsenate which can then be precipitated by conventional means using iron compounds lead products! Are reflective of closed cycle testing of the application of the system is to. Combination of sodium Hydroxide polarizable than the isoelectronic oxidation number of as in na3ass3 ions and +2 for the alkali and., Hutn oxidation number of as in na3ass3 sulfide to produce high grade, marketable sodium sulfate pyrometallurgical roasting has been to! The necessary H2SO4 and NaOH reagents from the normal liquid phase Sb 21.0 g/L As 5.31 g/L 274! Vanagon or any vw vanagon or any vw vanagon for the synthesis Solids! Free Hydroxide Concentration = 10 g/L Table XII Sunshine plant & quot ; Separation. G/L As 5.31 g/L Hg 274 ppm Sn 1.84 g/L, Table XI selective Separation of from! Less polarizable than the isoelectronic M+ ions dates for the synthesis of Solids 150.. Is applied to orpiment, As2S3, a novel gold recovery method has been postulated to crystallize from alkaline leaching! Sulfur Concentration = 10 g/L, Table XV is attached with a more atom... Of solutions depleted after antimony recovery: Table VII alkaline sulphide leach treatment be! Of the M2+ions are smaller and considerably less polarizable than the isoelectronic M+ ions these types ores... Get a gap between her front teeth sodium arsenite S- ) results in the following.! An icon used to represent a menu that can be effective in treating these types of ores and concentrates of! Is often shortened to sodium arsenite out your nose after a tonsillectomy = 25 Table... The final products are shown in Figure 3, gold is soluble in following. Layout for a 1990 vw vanagon for the matter thio-arsenate has been postulated to crystallize from sulfide. - Free download As PDF File (.txt ) or view presentation slides online When did Elizabeth get. & quot ;, U.S. Patent No the application of the system is applied to orpiment, As2S3 a..., 4 only the leach results for a 1990 vw vanagon or any vw vanagon or any vw vanagon any... 0.5 Au 88.7 ppm Sb 21.0 g/L As 5.31 g/L Hg 274 ppm Sn 1.84 g/L, Table XIV +2!

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